Innervation options for gracilis free muscle transfer in facial reanimation

Gracilis free muscle transfer (GFMT) is considered the gold standard in dynamic smile reanimation patients with long-standing facial paralysis. There are multiple motor nerves head and neck that can be used to provide innervation GFMT, either alone or combination. In this article, we review literature about these donor nerve options discuss their advantages disadvantages terms of excursion, spontaneity, reliability, timing. Furthermore, use sources dually-innervated GFMT areas for future investigation.